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发表于 2020-12-13 14:28:52
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Article 1: The materials, relativity and its philosophy attributes/物质、相对论、与哲学属性
Author: Liu Huan, MSc (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland. Published after graduation on 31/05/2016
1.The attributes of materials and fourth dimension time-space
For example, A = 1/a, When parameter ‘a’ turns to be zero, A is infinity, which is unmeasurable by us; in comparison, B = (1/a)/(2/a), when parameter ‘a’ turns to be zero, B = 0.5, which is measurable by us due to the relative value between denominator and numerator. This example helps to better understand the interpretation of mass of photon below: similarly, the mass of photon is explained as static mass (or absolute mass) and relative mass by scientists: photon has no static mass, which means that photon mass cannot be weighed by physical balance instrument, but is given relative mass on the basis of deduction by introducing movement speed conception --- this is the relativity by Einstein. According to the relativity proposed by Einstein, once materials reach the velocity of photon, the mass of materials is infinity like example A which is unmeasurable, but in this situation, the conception of mass must be interpreted by example B as relative mass. However, this books thinks that photon is different from the particles (such as electron and neutron) which atom consists of. The particles (such as electron and neutron) forming atoms must have static mass (or absolute mass), no matter how infinitely small these particles are divided into, whereas photon is an existence form of electromagnetic wave energy without static mass (relative mass only). However, both are called as materials in philosophy and physics, which have attributes of mass and movement in the universe!
Of course, Buddhism philosophy also discusses relativity in terms of both space and temporal scales (which will be introduced later). This book agrees with that both conceptions of mass and speed is only measurable by given relative conception in this time-space observed and understood by us! Once the materials transfer into another time-space, both conceptions is meaningless, but this attribute does subsist in the universe which is unmeasurable and not understood by us!
In this book, the time-space observed by us is three dimensions and is just a point on the time axis in the fourth dimension space. However, there are the other countless time-spaces (or points), which can not be observed by us but are NOT independent of our time-space observed by us, along this time axis of the universe. According to the relativity proposed by Einstein, once materials reach the velocity of photon, time goes back. However, this book does not think this science rhythm makes life span longer, but makes life transfer into another time-space which can not be observed by us! This three dimension time-space, which is being observed by us, is just traveling along the fourth axis, the time axis in the universe. At the origin point of time axis, the three dimension time-space which can be observed by us is infinitely small, whereas it turns to be infinity when the three dimension time-space which can be observed by us reaches the end point of time axis. Then it returns to the origin point of time axis again as circle. This is the universe!
'Three Laws of Newton' only suits for this three dimension time-space observed by us. However, the movement of materials in this time-space also meets the movement law (the fourth law) which is relative against other time-spaces on the time axis of the universe which can not be observed by us, that's why this time-space observed by us is expanding and all the stars are moving away from earth! (If sufficient data is available, equations of the fourth law can be deduced). However, the expanding mode of this time-space observed by us is that expanding is spherical expanding but every point in space becomes the center for spherical expanding at equal velocity in this time-space --- this is the movement rhythm proposed by this book, so it is unlike the movement of explosion from only a particle point (big-bang-cosmology). Of course, in addition to this movement rhythm, movement of materials must meet 'Three Laws of Newton' as well. However, at the end of time axis, this time-space observed by us must become the infinite diffusion condition! and then 'Three Laws of Newton' does not exist any more. As pointed out in chapter 11, the electromagnetic wave, as a way releasing Bio-Electric potential energy, spreads at photon velocity, so this energy definitely transfers into another time-space which is not observed by us! Consequently, life energy in this time-space observed by us is from another time-space and leave to the next time-space. Life energy can not be created! which meets the energy conservation law! As we know, the earth does have the magnetic field, and cells also have bio-magnetic field, which leads to both negative and positive poles. This nature influences the movement of materials in the universe. The fourth movement law across different time-spaces would be determined by this magnetic nature, which explains the movement rhythm above more reasonably. It is noted that the the galaxy as a whole must have both negative and positive poles as well! Consequently, the attributes of materials in both philosophy and physics should include movement, mass, energy, and magnetic fields (both positive and negative poles).
2.Energy conservation law and light velocity
Please note: usually the intensity of light radiation energy is measured on the basis of the intensity of electric current or heat. However, when the energy conservation law is interpreted, the energy of photon (or electromagnetic wave) is divided into different types: one is the energy which is able to convert into heat or electric current, and other forms of photon energy, including life energy form in cells (in Chapter 10), is able to transfer into another time-space, which means the energy that is able to convert into heat or electric current is not all the forms of energy in photon (or electromagnetic wave). For example, the momentum or kinetic energy calculated on the basis of relative velocity of photon is NOT able to convert into heat or electric current, but the momentum or kinetic energy is definitely one of energy forms in photons or electromagnetic wave. The carrier of photon momentum or kinetic energy has no static mass but the carrier of heat or electricity must be the particles (such as electron and neutron) which atom consists of and must have static mass as well, so the momentum or kinetic energy calculated on the basis of relative velocity of photon is NOT able to convert into heat or electric current due to different natures between two types of carriers.
Light speed is the transmission velocity of photon in vacuum condition, which obviously is an ideal conception. However, there is another materials in the universe, called as magnetism which reaches infinite transmission velocity in the fourth dimension time-space and is the only materials that is able to transfer across different time-space. This book points out that the energy of electromagnetic waves is divided into electric form, which can be transferred to materials with static mass like particles (such as electron and neutron) which atom consists of, and magnetic form with infinite transmission velocity. Once electromagnetic waves hits the materials with static mass, the electric form energy is transferred into it, whereas the magnetic form energy transfers to another time-space! The ‘second’ magnetic axis discussed in article 2 is definitely the magnetism between this time-space observed by us and another invisible time-space!
Article 2: The magnetism across time-spaces and gravitation simulation/磁场的时空穿越与万有引力模拟
Author: Liu Huan, MSc (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland. Published after graduation on 31/05/2016
Hypothesis: The 'second' magnetic axis and its application on simulation of gravitation
As discussed above, the attributes of materials include magnetism which leads to both negative and positive poles. Then a magnetic axis can be drawn from positive pole to negative pole for any materials. However, in the fourth dimension space, another axis (called ‘second’ magnetic axis) must be drawn to explain why gravitation exists in the universe. Taking the earth as an example, there are both south and north poles as the earth magnetism, with earth rotation from west to east. For this movement rhythm, this book hypothesizes that there is another magnetic axis formed by this celestial movements, which sets the center point of the earth planet as the 'positive' pole, and this magnetic axis starts from this center point ('positive' pole) to be away from it at any direction, so there are infinite amounts of magnetic axes diffused from the center point (the 'positive' pole) around the earth planet. Along this magnetic axis, the longer distance to the center point (the 'positive' pole), the weaker 'negative' magnetism potential, which leads to lower acceleration of gravity. Obviously, at the same 'negative' magnetism potential lines, different materials with equal mass must have the same magnetism potential. Consequently, this 'second' magnetic axis explains the existence of gravitation, which can be simulated in physical Lab as well!
It is deduced that the intensity of ‘negative’ magnetism potential along this ‘second’ axis of a planet is a function of planet mass and planet radius (increasing with the increase of planet mass; and decreasing with the increase of planet radius). The earth magnetism between the south and north poles, distributed as curve lines around the earth sphere, is cutting these ‘second’ magnetic axes, which is driven by the earth rotation movement. This rotation movement is generating ‘electricity’, which is similar to ‘Faraday law of electromagnetic induction.’ However, this ‘electricity’ mutually and inversely provides energy to drive earth rotation as well!
Another viewpoint proposed by this book is that this book can NOT agree with that the phenomenon that heavy mass objects curve spacetime (or time-space) can be observed in this time-space. The similar phenomenon observed by us can be explained by the diffraction of light.
Article 3: The angular velocity of aster rotation /天体自转角速率
Author: Liu Huan, MSc (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland. Published after graduation on 01/06/2016
Viewpoints:
The angular velocity of the earth rotation is a function of the earth magnetism and the intensity of ‘second’ magnetism of this planet discussed in article 2; the other asters (including planet, stars, and galaxy) are the same.
Although the equation is unknown yet, the angular velocity of aster rotation decreases with the decreasing intensity of ‘second’ magnetism (a function of aster mass and aster radius discussed in article 2); and increases with the increasing aster itself magnetism.
Article 4: The Galaxy and Revolution/星系形成与公转
Author: Liu Huan, MSc (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland. Published after graduation on 07/06/2016
As discussed in chapter 9, the bio-magnetic field of blood cells varies even within the same genetic strain, so that different cell communities can be separated according to the gradual variation in electromagnetism signals (environmental gradient of electromagnetism).
Similarly, different galaxy is separated by the variation in the ‘second’ magnetism as well. The asters with similar magnetic fields along the ‘second’ magnetism are clustered as a community or a galaxy, which excludes other galaxies with different magnetic fields during revolution movement. Please note: the asters include galaxy. For example, the solar system as a sub-galaxy must be classified into a community together with other sub-galaxies showing similar magnetism.
For the revolution movement of galaxy, the ‘second’ magnetism axis can be simply considered to start from the revolution center point and to diffuse away from this center. It is noted that the revolution movement center point of solar system is NOT identical to the center point of sun. It is observed that the angular velocity of sun rotation vary between different latitudes, which would be partly attributed to this science rhythm.The revolution center point of solar system is the point around which all the planets and sun star take revolution movement in solar system, which is not identical to the center point of sun but is nearby. Obviously, sun star takes both rotation and revolution movement concurrently in solar system. It is further deduced that the revolution center point of solar system vary with the expansion of galaxy. However, this change of revolution center point would not be gradual! Once the revolution center point is being changed, sunspot breaking out would be partly triggered by this.
Article 5: The acceleration of Universe Expansion/ 宇宙膨胀加速度
Author: Liu Huan, MSc (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland. Published after graduation on 11/06/2016
As discussed above, the longer distance to the center point (the 'positive' pole), the weaker 'negative' magnetism potential. Consequently, the energy loss during rotation or revolution movement causes the expansion of asters (the longer distance to the center point) and the decrease of rotation or revolution velocity due to the 'energy conservation law,' although the longer semidiameter of aster increases the intensity of 'electricity' driving rotation or revolution to limited extent discussed above. According to the rotation or revolution acceleration equation, a=rω*ω ; r is the semidiameter of aster, and ω is the angular velocity of aster rotation or revolution. Obviously, the acceleration of rotation or revolution decreases both with the expansion of asters (the longer semidiameter) and with the decreasing rotation or revolution velocity. In order to better understand this science rhythm, this equation is revised into Vector Operation: a= - rω*ω, because the expansion direction is opposite to the direction of acceleration (which explains ‘the acceleration of rotation or revolution decreases with the expansion of asters’), and the direction of ω is vertical to the acceleration direction (which explains ‘ the acceleration of rotation or revolution decreases with the decreasing rotation or revolution velocity. ’ --- the direction of ω leads to no influences on acceleration in this case). It is further deduced that the expansion acceleration of asters is increasing! Please note: the decreasing acceleration of aster rotation or revolution is just the indicator to measure the expansion velocity of asters, and the direction of acceleration is the same as the centripetal force of rotation or revolution. Centripetal force F = m*a ; m is the mass of aster and a is the rotation or revolution acceleration. Consequently, centripetal force of aster rotation or revolution is decreasing with the decreasing acceleration.
Article 6: The ‘anti-matter’ along time axis in the fourth dimension time-spaces and atomic physics/ 第四维时空中时间轴上的反物质与原子物理学
Author: Liu Huan, MSc (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland. Published after graduation on 17/06/2016
As stated by other astronomy scientists, this universe is symmetry. Consequently, it is hypothesized that T1, T2, T3, T4 .... are the consecutive time-spaces along time axis in the fourth dimension time-spaces. For example, the time-space observed by us is T2, and the magnetism of materials in this time-space spans positive pole to negative pole. However, according to the symmetry nature of the universe, in T1 time-space, the magnetism of materials must span negative pole to positive pole, with positive pole as the connection point between T1 and T2; Similarly, in T3 time-space, the magnetism of materials must span negative pole to positive pole, with negative pole as the connection points between T2 and T3; ......
Consequently, the ‘second’ magnetism axis is the magnetism spanning T1, T2 and T3 time-spaces, from T3 positive pole to T1 negative pole, which is inverse to the direction of magnetism axis in T2.
Atom formation of aster and anti-matter: In an atom, the electron is the negative pole and the proton is the positive pole, with the electron (or negative pole) surrounding the positive pole as the center point. Similarly, as an whole aster, all the atoms of this aster form a positive pole at the center point, spanning T2 and T3, as well as negative pole surrounding the spheres of aster and spanning T1 and T2. The ‘second’ magnetic induction lines starts and are clustered at the center point, diffusing away from this positive pole. Please note: in this case, the connection points between T1 and T2 (or T2 and T3) must be the positive and negative poles in an atom, which is the object unit of this research, rather than the whole aster magnetism. It is deduced that for an atom, the ‘second’ magnetism axis spanning T1, T2 and T3 is exactly opposite to the magnetism axis in T2, which means that two magnetism axes are on the same approximately straight line due to the symmetry nature between T2 atom and the corresponding T3 one. However, when the atoms are clustered as a whole aster in T2, the dominant ‘second’ magnetic induction lines of the whole symmetric T3 object corresponding to this T2 aster are the curve ones all going through the center point of T2 aster as described above. Taking earth planet as an analogy, all the atoms, in which magnetic lines connect straightly between electron (negative pole) and proton (positive pole), are clustered as an earth planet, but the dominant magnetic induction lines on an earth planet are the curve ones between south and north poles. Why? Because the axis that links atom in T1 to its anti-matter atom in T2 is a curve line and is closed up, the fourth dimension time-axis discussed in this chapter. At the origin point of time axis, the three dimension time-space which can be observed by us is infinitely small, whereas it turns to be infinity when the three dimension time-space which can be observed by us reaches the end point of time axis. Then it returns to the origin point of time axis again as circle.
Obviously, the closer distance to the positive pole, the denser the ‘second’ magnetic induction lines. Consequently, it is deduced that the intensity of this ‘second’ magnetism is determined by the mass of atoms only rather than the chemistry composition of asters. It is further deduced that in T1 time-space, the atom forms the negative pole as the center point surrounded by the positive electrons --- this is the anti-matter. This anti-matter universe is reasonable: firstly, the positive protons in T2 are clustered in nucleus. According to the exclusion by the same electric charges, these positive protons must exclude each other --- however, this is not the fact --- so there must be negative center points in T1 to attract these positive protons to keep balance. For example, there is one proton in hydrogen atom, but this atomic nucleus can not keep equilibrium of forces inside atomic motion without this explanation; the negative electrons in T2 are the similar explaining. Secondly, if anti-matter universe does not exist, then the energy loss during electron rotation in atom should easily lead electrons to move towards the protons due to attraction of opposite electric charges. However, this is not consistent with the fact that radioactive elemental atoms emits particles. Obviously, due to the overlap between electrons and nucleus motion orbits in radioactive elemental atoms, the particles would result in collision and this energy loss leads to radioactive element. The identification of orbits has been discussed in article 7.
Consequently, the science rhythms of astrophysics deduced on the basis of the ‘second’ magnetism must be suitable for atomic physics as well, leading to the conclusions and calculations such as rotation velocity of electrons in an atom; the atom decay period and the corresponding expansion of atom radius, etc. According to the anti-matter and symmetric nature, the atomic nuclear movement of T2 is rotating as the ‘positive electron’ around the ‘negative nuclear’ of anti-matter atom, which further deduces the movement rhythms of anti-matter atom in another time-space.
Further more, the movement of molecules must meet the movement rhythm of revolution of galaxy deduced in this chapter, which helps to analyze the molecular attributes of material chemistry as well.
Hypothesis: Mass and Magnetic Induction Lines
The four-dimension spatial equation of magnetic induction lines is F(x);
If the mass of materials consisting of the same atoms is higher than an atom, this spatial equation is y = F(x);
However, if the mass of materials (such as electrons) is lower than this one atom, this
spatial equation is x = F(-y) or x = F (y);
If the mass of materials is just this one atom, then this spatial equation is x or y axis, a straight line. Obviously, the first case is the inverse function to the second case with the third case as the middle line! And only the third case is completely symmetric nature! For the materials consisting of multiple elements, the spatial equation of magnetic induction line y = F(x) is influenced by the factors of atomic mass, spatial shape, chemistry composition, which inversely influences the spatial equation of magnetic induction line x = F(-y) or x = F (y) for the materials in the second case.
Article 7: The particle dualism of electromagnetic waves and
atomic physics/电磁波的波粒二象性与原子物理学
Author: Liu Huan, MSc (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland. Published after graduation on 28/06/2016
The movement orbit between electron and atomic nucleus
Actually, both electrons and atomic nucleus motion in space. To simplify the motion deduction, it is assumed that the atomic nucleus is static and electrons rotate around atomic nucleus.
Consequently, the movement between electrons (negative poles) and atomic nucleus (positive poles) generates electromagnetic waves; And the cycle, in terms of how much time it takes for electrons to rotate around atomic nucleus in a cycle, determines the frequency of the generated electromagnetic waves; the radius determines the amplitudes of electromagnetic waves.
Light is a kind of electromagnetic waves, which have the attributes of particle dualism. The absorption of light at different frequencies by different elemental atoms reveals the movement orbit between electron and atomic nucleus:
The principal of light absorption: For a specific frequency of light wave, only when the movement between electron and atomic nucleus generates the electromagnetic waves with the same frequency, then this element atoms are able to absorb this specific frequency of light. For example, when the peak of generated electromagnetic waves corresponds to the bottom of light waves with the same frequency, then two waves’ energy offset each other, leading to light absorption. However, the wave peaks (or bottoms) of each generated electromagnetic waves distribute evenly along the transmission direction of light waves. Further more, the amplitudes of generated electromagnetic waves determines how much energy is offset between generated electromagnetic waves and corresponding light waves. Please note: the transmission direction of generated electromagnetic waves is opposite to the incident angle of light waves so that two electromagnetic waves offset each other rather than strengthening each other.
This method deduces the motion orbit between electron and nucleus! This is mine! Of course, the specific frequency and amplitudes (or intensity) of electromagnetic waves can be adjusted over a broader range than light waves for this measurement.
As discussed in article 6, atomic magnetism is divided into static magnetism and time-varying magnetism leading to electromagnetic waves. However, when this
science rhythm is used to deduce the refraction of light and diffraction of light, which is independent of light frequency, static magnetism is the key to explain the phenomenon. Obviously, the magnetic induction lines of the first case discussed in article 6 hypothesis (mass is more than an atom) is the static magnetism resulting in the curving of light waves (refraction of light and diffraction of light), and the refraction angle of light between two different materials of medium reflects the intersection angle between the magnetic induction lines of these two medium, which inversely reflects the magnetic induction lines of the second case discussed in article 6 (mass is less than an atom).
For the diffraction of light, the diffraction angle reflects the surface magnetic curve lines of the dot object. Obviously, the dots made of specific material leads to specific diffraction angle correspondingly, due to different surface curve equations of magnetic lines between different material.
Because our three-dimension space is curved sphere, all the remote objects observed by us are the enlarged images due to the magnifier effects, so the astro-observation data have to be corrected. The electromagnetic wave transmission speed (such as light speed) varies between different magnetism fields (NOT constant), which leads to significant effects on the astro-observation data.These two effects require corrections of data received by astronomy observations. |
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发表于 2020-12-13 11:10:19